College affirmative action bans and smoking and alcohol use among underrepresented minority adolescents in the United States: A difference-in-differences study.

BackgroundCollege affirmative action programs seek to expand socioeconomic opportunities for underrepresented minorities.Between 1996 and 2013, 9 US states-including California, Texas, and Michigan-banned race-based affirmative action in college admissions.Because economic opportunity is known to motivate health behavior, banning affirmative action

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CFD-based Optimisation of Spiral Wound Heat Exchanger Geometry

Spiral wound plastic heat exchangers represent an important class of heat exchangers, with high chemical resistance, low dimensions and reasonable costs.However, their design and optimisation are mainly based on practical experience, whereas comprehensive investigations have not been accomplished yet.In this paper, we present the results of the col

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Cognitive dysfunction and negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia and their first-degree relatives from simplex and multiplex families

Zhikun Zhang,1 Rong Zhang,2 Peng Qin,3 Liwen Tan4 1Mental Health Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; 2Department of Psychiatry, Staff Hospital of Zhongyuan Oil Field Company, Puyang, Henan, China; 3Department of Kamm Psychiatry, Changde Rehabilitation Hospital, Changde, Hunan, China; 4Depar

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The AU Model Law on Universal Jurisdiction: An African Response to Western Prosecutions based on the Universality Principle

The African continent has been consistent in placing its concerns regarding the manner in which international criminal justice is administered on the international platform.For the past decade, the continent has minced no words about its misgivings concerning the use of universal jurisdiction (UJ) by both foreign States and the International Crimin

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Highly Efficient Clinical Trials Simulator (HECT): Software application for planning and simulating platform adaptive trials [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]

Background: Adaptive designs and platform designs are among two common clinical trial innovations that are increasingly being used to manage medical intervention portfolios and attain faster regulatory approvals.Planning of adaptive and platform trials necessitate simulations to understand how a set of adaptation rules will likely affect the proper

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